Our evidence standard.
For FDA-approved medications, we rely on phase-3 randomized trials and post-market evidence. For compounded preparations, we anchor to the active-ingredient evidence and clearly mark what's known vs. what's extrapolated. For peptides, we cite the available human data and acknowledge where it's preclinical only.
Library
Selected citations.
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1)
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2021
68-week RCT: mean weight change of −14.9% with 2.4 mg semaglutide vs −2.4% with placebo. Established the modern GLP-1 standard for obesity care.
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1)
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2022
72-week RCT: mean weight reduction of −20.9% at the 15 mg dose. Demonstrated additive benefit of dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonism.
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Overweight or Obesity (SELECT)
Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2023
Semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% in adults with established cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity without diabetes.
BPC-157 and Tendon Healing: Preclinical Evidence Review
Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. · Current Pharmaceutical Design · 2018
Comprehensive review of BPC-157 mechanisms across tendon, ligament, and gut models. Human evidence remains limited; we set expectations accordingly.
Sermorelin: A Review of Clinical Use in Growth-Hormone Deficiency
Walker RF. · Clinical Interventions in Aging · 2006
Foundational review of sermorelin's mechanism as a growth-hormone-releasing-hormone analog and clinical use in adult GH support.
Bremelanotide (PT-141) for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al. · Obstetrics & Gynecology · 2019
Pivotal RECONNECT trials demonstrating bremelanotide efficacy and tolerability in premenopausal women with HSDD.
NAD+ Metabolism and Healthy Aging
Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · 2021
Mechanistic review of NAD+ in mitochondrial function and aging biology. Sets a careful frame for clinical NAD+ supplementation expectations.
Glutathione: Antioxidant Properties and Clinical Implications
Pizzorno J. · Integrative Medicine (Encinitas) · 2014
Clinical review of glutathione physiology, depletion patterns, and supplementation considerations.
Questions about a specific study?
Your clinician can walk you through what the data means for your specific situation.
Talk to a clinician